Phra Phrom : The Protector God
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At a glance
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Thai Mythology |
| Classification | Gods |
| Family Members | Saraswadi (Wife) |
| Region | Thailand |
| Associated With | Luck, Protector |
Phra Phrom
Introduction
Physical Traits
Phra Phrom is depicted as a radiant figure adorned in resplendent garments, seated regally with four faces gazing in all cardinal directions. Each face embodies virtues like compassion, mercy, kindness, and impartiality, symbolizing his ability to provide universal blessings and protection. His attire, often elaborate robes and celestial ornaments, signifies his divine status and benevolent nature. Phra Phrom’s four faces, representing compassion, mercy, benevolence, and equanimity, continuously observe the world to ensure no suffering or injustice goes unnoticed. With a golden complexion and four arms symbolizing omnipotence, he holds symbolic objects like a lotus flower, staff, Vedas, and water pot in various artistic depictions. Positioned cross-legged, Phra Phrom’s statues typically feature eight arms and four faces oriented in cardinal directions, each associated with aspects of luck: work and study, romance, money, and health and family. Devotees debate whether his face should align westward or toward densely populated areas to maximize blessings.
Family
Phra Phrom’s origins intertwine with Hinduism’s Brahma, who emerged from a lotus flower originating from Vishnu’s navel in Hindu mythology. Thai interpretations sometimes view Phra Phrom as a manifestation of the overarching Brahman, the supreme reality in Hindu philosophy. In Thai animistic contexts, however, Phra Phrom is perceived as a potent guardian spirit with no singular lineage or specific origin story. Revered as a supreme deity in Thai mythology, Phra Phrom is often associated with both Buddhist and Hindu pantheons, occasionally identified directly with Brahma, underscoring Thailand’s historical ties to Indian religious traditions. Regional beliefs and interpretations can vary regarding Phra Phrom’s familial connections, sometimes depicting him as a son of Brahma or linked to other deities like Saraswati within Thai folklore.
Other Names
Phra Phrom, also known as “Thao Maha Phrom” or “Lord Great Brahma,” is revered as a powerful deity in Thai Buddhist cosmology. His four faces have earned him the colloquial titles of “Four-Faced Buddha” or “Four-Faced God,” particularly in Chinese folk religious traditions where his worship has gained popularity in recent decades. Across Southeast Asia, he is recognized by various names that underscore his role and attributes, such as Than Tao Mahaprom in Thai and Prah Pohm in Cambodian Khmer.
Powers and Abilities
Phra Phrom, the supreme being in Thai mythology, is revered for his limitless power and benevolence. Devotees invoke him primarily for blessings related to prosperity, success, and protection from misfortune. He is believed to grant wishes and fulfill desires, embodying a role distinct from wrathful deities found in other mythologies, as he is not associated with punishment or vengeance. Worshipers offer incense, candles, jasmine flowers, and young coconut milk as part of their rituals to honor Phra Phrom’s four faces, which symbolize his omniscience and ability to guide and support believers spiritually and materially.
Modern Day Influence
Phra Phrom’s influence is prominently displayed at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, a hub of fervent devotion known formally as the Thao Maha Phrom Shrine. The shrine houses a magnificent statue of Phra Phrom, drawing a steady stream of worshippers who offer flowers, incense, and prayers in gratitude for answered petitions. This site symbolizes Phra Phrom’s enduring significance in Thailand, revered by Buddhists and animists alike as a protective and benevolent figure. Throughout Thailand, Phra Phrom’s image adorns homes, businesses, and public spaces, serving as a reassuring presence for believers. His influence extends beyond borders, with the Four-Faced Buddha revered in Chinese religious contexts as well. In contemporary Thai society, Phra Phrom remains integral to religious practices and cultural traditions, with temples dedicated to him continuing to attract devotees seeking his blessings and guidance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What does the faces of Phra Phrom represent?
Most statues of Phra Phrom are seated and cross-legged. They have eight arms and four faces, the faces representing love, compassion, joy, and charity. He is positioned to face the four cardinal directions, each responsible for luck in a different area.
Who is the 4 face buddha?
The four faces symbolize the four books of the Vedas, the Hindu scriptures and the source of all knowledge in the creation of the universe.
What religion is Phra Phrom?
In modern Thailand, Phra Phrom is often worshipped outside of Hindu contexts by regular Buddhists, and, like many other Hindu deities, has usually come to represent guardian spirits in sastana phi /thai folk beliefs, which coexist alongside Buddhist practices.
What does Phra mean?
Phra, a Thai-language word used as a prefix denoting holy or royal status, including in Thai royal ranks and titles.
How is Phra Phrom represented?
Most statues of Phra Phrom are seated and cross-legged. They have eight arms and four faces, the faces representing love, compassion, joy, and charity.
