Sumerian gods refer to the various deities that the people of Sumer, which was the first literate civilization ever recorded, believed in and worshipped as part of their daily lives. According to the Sumerians, the universe was created through a series of cosmic events.

First, the primeval waters of Nammu created Ki and An, which then produced a son named Enlil. Enki was believed to have been the creator of humans, and after their deaths, their spirits were sent to Kur, a dark and cold cave beneath the Earth. Ereshkigal ruled this region. The beliefs of the Sumerians were heavily influenced by the religious beliefs of other Mesopotamian peoples.

Scholars of ancient mythology have noted that the stories of the Sumerians are similar to those of the Hebrew Bible.